Internal-combustion engine.



L. A. WERNER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE APPLICATION -FILED APR-29. 1915.

Patented July 4, 1916.

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L. A. WERNER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION man APR.29. 1915.

1,1 89,324. Patented July 4', 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED sTATEs APATENT oEETcE.

LESTER A. WERNER, OF ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNZOR OF ONE- HALF TO ALBERT E. HARTCORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.'

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application 1ed April 29, 1915.

To all whom t may concern Be it lmown that I, LESTER A. WERNER, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Atlantic Highlands, in the county of Monmouth and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specication.

My invention relates to internal combustio engines, and consists of the herein shown and described improvements in the construction of such engines, devised with the object in view to combine, in one engine, the advantages of the two and four cycle operation, and to eliminate the disadvantages of both. In a two lcycle internal combustion engine, an impulse is given to the piston, by the ignition of the explosive mixture, at the beginning of each down-stroke thereof. This operation, however, interferes with the expelling of the gases, produced by the ignition of the explosive mixture, which results in the impairment of the eiiiciency of the engine, the unexpelled products of the combustion mingling with the fresh mixture, thus becoming more and more detrimental to the proper operation of the engine at higher speeds. This defect is avoided in the operation of a four cycle internal combustion engine, but in those engines the ignition of the explosive mixture takes place only at every second downward-stroke of the piston, by reason of which there is a great diminution of kinetic energy during the period, intervening between the successive impulses, and by the propelling of the piston, twice on its upward-stroke, rst for the expulsion of the burnt gases, and second for the compression of the fresh charge, besides propelling it in its downward stroke when the charge of the explosive mixture is drawn'in. This loss of kinetic energy is avoided and the stated object of my invention attained by so dividing the cylinder of a four cycle engine into sections, so that separate combustion chambers are formed therein, and by providing separate valve chambers, and separate intake and exhaust valves, for each combustion chamber, and separate gears for each valve. In an engine of this construction, the piston receives an impulse by the ignition of the ex-VV plosive charge, on each downward stroke, and yet the engine is free from the defect Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 4, 1916.

Serial No. 24,720.

of a two cycle engine, as the gases, pro-V duced by the ignition of the explosive mixturetare always fully expelled from each division of the combustion chamber before a fresh charge of the explosive mixture is drawn in again.

An engine, constructed ,according to the stated principles of my invention, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure l is a vertical section through the engine on line 1 1, indicated in Fig. 2, some parts being shown in elevation; Fig. 2 is an elevation at right angle to Fig. 1, part of the casing being broken away toshow the parts of the engine within the casing; Fig. 3 is an enlarged horizontal section on line 3 3, indicated in Fig. l; Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical section through the upper part of the engine, on line 4- i, indicated in Fig. l; Fig. 5 is an enlarged horizontal section on line 5 5, indicated in Fig. 1, looking downward; 'Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary, vertical sectional view, corresponding to a portion of the left-hand side of Fig. 1, with some portions broken away, to show the construction of the packing for the piston partit-ion; Fig. 7 is an inverted plan view of the partition casing, illustrating also the stuffing box in the position it occupies when set in the inner wall of the cylinder head with the follower removed; and Fig. 8 is a plan view of the follower.

The engine comprises ythe usual casing,v

the design Vwhereof is somewhat modified to provide additional valve chambers, andv which includes also an extension 8 for housing the partition 7 dividing the space in the cylinder` 50 above the piston into two sections 10 and 11. The partition?, is made integral with, or connected to the piston 53, and passes through an opening inthe head of the cylinder, made for this purpose, into the extension S of the cylinder casing. The apertureLin the inner wall of the head of the cylinder is made suliiciently wide to permit the insertion therein of the stufing box 51,

, by which a gas-tight fitting of the partition 7 is eected to prevent the escape of the compressed explosive mixture, or of the combustion gases, from the cylinder. The length of the partition 7 corresponds to the stroke of the piston, so that at its lo'west position, at the end of its downward stroke, the upper end of the partition 7 stands gral parts offthe cylinder casing.

slightly above the stuffing box. The width of the partition 7, is co-extensive with the diameter of the bore of the cylinder. To secure a gas-tight joint between the partition 7 and the partitions 16, separating the valve chambers, the edges of the partition 7 are bifurcated and suitable packing set therein. This packing, as shown in the drawings, is made up of the strips 13. oficompressible material mounted on metallic bars 44, and springs 43, set in the bores as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, are provided to press the packing strips 13 against .the partitionsl. The extension of the casing communicates through passages :22 with the water jacket 21 of the cylinder, to enable the cooling water to circulate therethrough,y whereby the. partition 7 is cooled.s

The formation of the valve chambers, and the location of the valves therein, are -illustrated. in Figr. Partitions 16 betweenthe valve-.chambers are preferably castas inte- Each valve chamberconnectswith its respective division of the combustion -chamber through an open port, and through the valve, seated therein, with the intake, or exhaust V4port of the engine. rlhe intake and exhaust valves 33 and 84, and L35 and 36 respectively, are of theusual construction, employed in engines of this kind, and are operated bycams adjustablyiixed on cam-shaftsQSand 45, driven by the gears, illustrated in Figs.- 1 and 2, from the crank-shaft. Separate means for Yigniting the explosive charge in` each division of the combustion lchamber are provided.l Spark?v plugs 37 are preferably. used for this purposein connectionwith-a suitable ignition device. By Vthus dividing the cylinder by'a partition connectedto the piston, to form two separate combustion chambers, and providing separate-ports, and valves, for each division, an explosion takes place at the completing of each upward stroke of the piston, an impulse beingthus imparted `to the piston atvthe startof its downward stroke.

For seating the stuffing box, the inner wall of the cylinder head is extended yto produce the flange 17, and a iange 41 is made on the stuiiing box, to extendV over the edge of the flange 17, and a suitable recess for the reception of the lcompressible packing 42is made in the flanges 17 and 41, whereby a gas-tight joint between the flange of i the stutling box andthe iange ofthe cylinder head is producedf The packing isformed to correspond to the cross-section outline of thepartition 7, and so is the follower 18,-

tted into the recess ofthe stuffing-box. This follower is secured therein, and `the packing 52 compressed, by screw-bolts 19, which serve also to secure the kstufhngbox in its vseat in the opening of the inner ywall of the cylinder head.

The cam-shafts 28 and 45 are driven by the gear-wheels 23, mounted on the crank-shaft 24, and meshing with the intermediate gearwheels 25, rotatably mounted on studs 26. The intermediate gear-wheels 25 mesh with the gear-wheels 27 mounted on the camshafts 2S and 45. rIhe driving gears are proportioned to rotate the cam-shafts 28 and 45 at one-half of the speed of the crankshaft 24. Cams 29 and 31, mounted on camshaft 28, actuate the intakevalves 33 and 35, and cams 8O and 32, mounted on cam-shaft 45, actuate the exhaustvalves. The cycle! ofthe operations ofthe engineis asfollows Beginning with the piston V53 inits uppermost position, and assuming that `one. of lthe' divisions (10)y of the combustionz chamber is then filledA with a compressed` charge of the explosive mixture, the intake valve 33 and thefexhaust Nalve 34 closed the other division. (11)V ofzthe combustion chamber is empty, the combustion gases havingbeen expelled therefrom by-,the upwardstroke ofthe piston.; the exhaustvalve 36 hasjust been closed and the intake valve .35 just 'begins to open,-the compressed charge in the` division 10 is now exploded. The piston-vis then startedom itsdownward` stroke, The intake valve 35 is now. fully open and a fresh? charge of the explosive mixture is drawn in, into the-division `11 iof the combustion chamber. At the comple.- tion of the downward ystroke of the piston,A the other division(11) Vof'the combustion chamber is filled with the vfresh charge of explosive mixture, and a-compressionthereof takes-place duringmthe upward stroke off the piston, while at the sameti-me, the exhaust valve 34 is opened and the combustion gases, produced by the previous ignition-of; the explosive mixture inthe: first division (10) are being simultaneously expelled.A W'henthe piston reaches the end of Vits -up-` ward stroke, the explosive-charge'in divisionn 11 is compressed, and ready-to beigniteds On its being ignited, thepiston receives-a downward impulse by the expansionv of the.L combustion-gases, the valve 33is opened, the exhaust/valve 34=closed,1 and afresh charge ofexplosive mixture is drawn into..thedi'- vision 10 of Ithe combustionY ch'amber,-the.y same operations being.- repeated.'l In these alternatingv operations, the piston, of` the: engine receives an impulseat the termination` of each upward stroke asin a two cycle engine, but the. disadvantages offatwo cycle.l operation are avoided, in that thefcombustion gases yare always-fully expel-ledfromf each ofv the .combustion chambers, before-fa fresh charge of'V this explosive mixture.: is.`y drawn in. There-isalso a-complete com pression of the explosive :chargeV effected in each division of the,Y combustion chamber during they entire upward stroke of* the:v piston.

I claim as my invention:

l. An internal combusion engine, comprising a casing, a cylinder in the casing, a piston in the cylinder, a partition dividing the combustion chamber, connected with the piston; separate valve chambers for each division of the combustion chamber, intake and exhaust valves set therein, valve operating gears for actuating the valves in each division independently of the other, and means for igniting the explosive charge in each division of the combustion chamber; substantially as herein shown and described.

2. An internal combustion engine, comprising a casing, a cylinder, and valve chambers, communicating therewith, in the casing; a piston in the cylinder, a movable partition dividing the combustion chamber, an intake and an exhaust valve for each division of the combustion chamber, partitions in the casing between the intake and exhaust valves of each division of the combustion chamber, valve operating gears for actuating the valves in each division independently of the other, and means for igniting the explosive charge in each division of the Combustion chamber; substantially as herein shown and described.

3. An internal combustion engine, comprising a casing, a cylinder in the casing; a piston in the cylinder, a partition, dividing-the combustion chamber of the cylinder, secured to the piston, separate valve chambers for each division of the combustion chamber and communicating therewth; intake and exhaust valves set therein; valve operating gears for actuating the intake and the exhaust valves in each division independently of the other, and means for igniting the explosive charge in each division of the combustion chamber; substantially as herein shown and described.

4. A four cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a casing, a cylinder, a movable partition fitted into the cylinder and dividing the combustion chamber into sections; separate valve chambers and a set of intake and exhaust valves for each section of the combustion chambers; gears for ac-` tuating the intake and the exhaust valves in each section independently, and means for igniting the explosive scharge in each section of the combustion chamber; substantially as herein shown and described.

5. A four cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a casing, a cylinder and valve chambers communicating therewith, in the casing; a piston in the cylinder; a partition, secured to the piston, and dividing the combustion chamber into sections; partitions in the valve chambers, dividingeach into the same number of sections as that into which the combustion chamber is divided; an intake and an exhaust valve Jfor each section of the combustion chamber; means for igniting the explosive charge in each section of the combustion chamber; and gears for actuating the intake and the exhaust valve in each section of the combustion chamber independently; substantially as herein shown and described.

LESTER A. WERNER.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM E. RICHARDSON, LOUISE KELLER.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing' the "Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

